REN and sleep apnea syndrome: Long-term hypercortisolism is associated with hypertension due to mineralocorticoid receptor activation, renin–angiotensin system activation, increased sensitivity to vasoconstrictors, increased sensitivity of beta-adrenergic receptors to catecholamines, suppression of vasodilators, sleep apnea, vascular rearrangement, and excessive fibrosis [27, 28].