We have previously utilized lectin or anti-glycan antibody conjugated europium-nanoparticles (Eu+3-NP) successfully to explore the glycosylation of conventional tumor biomarkers; CA125, CA15-3, PSA as well as urinary extracellular vesicles for ovarian, breast, prostate and bladder cancer respectively23,25,29. Here, MUC16 is linked to urinary bladder carcinoma.