MAPK8 and central nervous system cancer: Another MA derivative, 1-(9′-propyl-3′-carbazole)-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-β-carboline (PCTC), induced apoptosis in glioma cells by increasing phosphorylated JNK (p-JNK) and phosphorylated p38 (p-p38) associated with intracellular reactive oxygen species (iROS) generation (Lin et al., 2022).