Additionally, 1-(9′-methyl-3′-carbazole)-3, 4-dihydro-β-carboline (MCDC), another synthetic compound, demonstrated inhibitory effects on macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), AKT phosphorylation, and the expression of S phase-related proteins in breast cancer cells (Ko et al., 2019). This evidence concerns the gene AKT1 and breast carcinoma.