CXCL10 and tropical spastic paraparesis: In HAM, the cytokine IFN-γ stimulates astrocytes to produce high levels of the cysteine-X-cysteine motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL-10), a chemokine that recruits more infected T cells, promoting a continuous loop of infiltration of inflammatory cells into the CNS, causing its damage [6,8].