Similarly, another study using MDMs and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDCs) found that the post-integration steps of HIV-1 infection trigger IFN-β mRNA production 3 days post-infection, with a concomitant increase in the ISGs CD169 (also known as Siglec1) and IP-10 (CXCL10), but a low level of IFN-β production with a negligible effect on HIV-1 spread was reported. This evidence concerns the gene IFNB1 and HIV-1 infection.