In contrast, a 5-week early TRE intervention (6 a.m. to 3 p.m.)improved pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-8) in young adults without obesity, while midday TRE (11 a.m. to 8 p.m.)did not show improvements in these markers [12]. Here, TNF is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.