LEP and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: They displayed obesity-associated metabolic and pro-inflammatory alteration, such as higher fasting glycemia, insulinemia, insulin resistance, leptin, glutamine, soluble P-selectin levels, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β1), and high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) levels as well as leukocyte, lymphocyte, and neutrophil counts than the standard diet-fed lean mice.