TNFSF11 and cranioectodermal dysplasia: The pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α, which are increased in the serum of CeD patients, are known to be involved in the enhanced expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), its binding with RANK on osteoclast precursors, and the inhibition of osteoprotegerin (OPG).