CASP1 and Parkinson disease: Studies have shown that patients with Parkinson’s disease have, in their cerebrospinal fluid, high concentrations of IL-1β and IL-18, in addition to an upregulated gene expression of caspase-1, ACS, and NLRP3, as well as increased protein expression of IL-1β, caspase-1, and NLRP3 in cells with only one nucleus in peripheral blood [119,120].