CYCS and glioblastoma: These proteins can promote apoptosis by forming pores in the mitochondrial membrane, leading to an increase in mitochondrial membrane permeability and the release of apoptotic factors such as cytochrome C. Previous studies, such as one on the flavonoid medicarpin, show similar results, where apoptosis in glioblastoma cells was triggered via the upregulation of BID, BAX, CASP3, CASP8, and CYCS [26].