Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis of brain tissue of TBEV patients showed granzyme B-expressing CD8+ T cells were in close contact with TBE-expressing neurons expressing high levels of caspase-3 in the brain parenchyma, suggesting a role of granzyme B-expressing CD8+ T cells in the induction of brain injury [55,56]. This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and tick-borne encephalitis.