Even though the etiopathogenetic mechanisms behind the link between high body mass index and esophageal cancer are not completely clear, research suggests that altered gastroesophageal reflux disease and metabolic sequelae may be involved in esophageal carcinogenesis, involving molecular mechanisms such as increased expression of leptin receptors in esophageal adenocarcinoma and its direct proinflammatory effects on the epithelium of esophagus [53]. The gene discussed is LEPR; the disease is esophageal cancer.