When comparing the three methods of IL-1β detection within groups and between assays, we found that Simoa presented greater detection ability within the lower range of IL-1β measurement for the HCs (Figure 3A); however, the levels were very similar for all three methods in the AD cohort (Figure 3B), and in the full cohort, S-Plex presented higher levels of IL-1 β than the other two groups (Figure 3C). Here, IL1B is linked to Alzheimer disease.