HMMR and neoplasm: In hematological malignancies such as myeloma, HMMR has been shown to correlate with structural abnormalities of centrosomes contributing to genomic instability, whereas in leukemias, HMMR can activate humoral and cellular immune responses; however, the biological role of HMMR in this type of neoplasm has not been fully elucidated, since HMMR may play different roles at both the intracellular and extracellular levels [20,32,69,70].