PCA3 and prostate carcinoma: In our study, significant associations were identified between PSMA (p ≤ 0.001) and PCA3 (p ≤ 0.05) expression and clinically significant prostate cancer (Figure 1 and Figure S1a), and among the three genes examined, PSMA emerged as the most reliable single biomarker for predicting clinically significant PCa with an AUC of 0.82 (Figure 2).