The mice underwent BDL to induce cholestasis, increase the expression levels of the inflammatory markers TNF-α and interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), decrease the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, and trigger inflammation and HF by upregulating TGF-β1/Smad2/α-SMA [65]. The gene discussed is SMAD2; the disease is hydrops fetalis.