TGFB1 and eosinophilic esophagitis: These seemed to be closely related to aspects of the pathophysiology of EoE, such as disruption of the epithelial barrier (HIF-1α, AMPK, and MAPK signaling pathways), inflammation (Wnt-signaling pathway), differentiation of immune cells (Th17 cell differentiation), and fibrosis (TGF-β signaling) (Figure 4B).