VEGFA and cancer: According to recent research, tocotrienols have anti-cancer (for breast, colorectal, and pancreatic tumors) effects through various mechanisms: (i) decreased tumor growth and the increased expression of pro-apoptotic proteins, (ii) the increased expression of p21 and p27, (iii) the down-regulation of AKT and NF-κB activity, and (iv) the down-regulation of VEGF, cyclin D1, c-Myc, MMP-2, and COX-2 [236].