PBC patients have been reported to have higher serum levels of gut endotoxins/lipopolysaccharide, with increased expression of toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 compared to non-PBC liver disease [10]. The gene discussed is CXCL8; the disease is primary biliary cholangitis.