These findings suggest a novel mechanism by which HERV-W env induces CASP1–GSDMD-dependent neuron pyroptosis through the NLRP3–CASP1–GSDMD signaling pathway, providing new insights into the potential pyroptosis mechanisms by which HERV-W env contributes to the onset and progression of schizophrenia. This evidence concerns the gene ERVW-1 and schizophrenia.