TNF and infection: Regarding other side effects on long-term, increased risk of infection (e.g., herpes zoster) have been reported, together with major cardiovascular events (MACE) mostly in patients over 65 years of age or with specific risk factors, although different studies have not shown an increased long-term risk of developing MACE in JAKi treated patients, compared to patients treated with anti TNF-alpha therapies or DMARDs [41,42].