LRRK2 and Parkinson disease: For instance, in aged LRRK2-R1441G knock-in mice, levels of LAMP2A and HSC70, along with the CMA substrate glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, are elevated, suggesting that LRRK2 mutations may interfere with CMA, resulting in inadequate degradation of oligomeric α-synuclein and promoting PD [140].