Paprika pigments have been reported to reduce the expression of obesity-related inflammatory markers, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and resistin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes [19]. Here, TNF is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.