PNPLA3 and polycystic ovary syndrome: The patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 gene (PNPLA3) was studied with the aim of determining the frequency of the polymorphism rs738409 in patients with PCOS and its role in NAFLD risk and disease severity [101]; this polymorphism was found to increase the prevalence of NAFLD in women with PCOS, including both those heterozygous and homozygous for the polymorphism [101].