VDAC1 and juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis: In Batten disease, the most common autosomal-recessive neurodegenerative childhood disease, VDAC1 showed protein expression changes in the thalamus of early-symptomatic mice, which correlated with the initiation of neuronal pathology, suggesting that VDAC1 can be used as an early biomarker of modified axonal and synaptic vulnerability [148].