TARDBP and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Most ALS cases, roughly 90%, are classified as sporadic (sALS), with no apparent family history of the disease, while the remaining 10% are categorized as familial cases (fALS) [101], attributed to mutations in more than 40 different genes [102]; among them are superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9orf72), and TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) [99,102].