A retrospective cohort study from China explored differences in cytokine concentrations among patients with ARDS caused by AdV, influenza A/pH1N1, and bacterial pneumonia, and found higher expression of MCP-1, TNF-α, SDF-1α, IL-17, SCF-β, and TRAIL in the AdV group [31]. Here, TNFSF10 is linked to acute respiratory distress syndrome.