CCL2 and neoplasm: In response to specific stimuli, microglia differentiate into distinct phenotypes: M1, which releases pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-1β), chemokines (CCL2, CXCL9, and CXCL10), protein hydrolases, iNOS, and reactive oxygen species, creating a cytotoxic environment hostile to tumor cells [61].