GPC3 and neoplasm: Tumor heterogeneity, as reflected in the activation of cell signaling pathways, such as Wnt-β-catenin, in the secretion of pro-angiogenic factors, such as VEGF, and in the expression of TAAs, such as GPC3, further promote immune evasion, and have shown preclinical and early clinical evidence of being significant therapeutic targets in combination with ICI.