There are several ongoing clinical trials for PD-1-VEGF drug conjugates, including PD-1/VEGF bsAbs ivonescimab, which showed promising efficacy signals in multiple advanced, relapsed-refractory solid tumors in a phase 1a study [147], and AK112, which is being evaluated in a phase 2 study in first-line unresectable HCC [148]. Here, PDCD1 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.