MDM2 and cancer: Polymorphic variations at MDM2 rs2279744 have been associated with either increased or decreased cancer risk in various contexts, including retinoblastoma [31], oral cancer [32], esophageal cancer [33,34], lung cancer [35,36,37,38,39,40,41], breast cancer [42,43], gastric cancer [44,45,46], hepatocellular carcinoma [47,48,49], colorectal cancer [50,51,52], endometrial cancer [53,54,55,56], cervical cancer [57], prostate cancer [58], melanoma [59], and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia [60].