VGLL4 and neoplasm: A decrease in VGLL4-positive cells was detected in the lamina propria in later stages of CRC at Dukes C and D. However, the results differed in the epithelium—no VGLL4-positive cells could be detected in healthy and early-stage CRC Dukes A. One can argue that in early tumor stages under normal conditions, VGLL4 activity is not needed or is limited; however, with the tumor progression beyond mucosa, as in cancers of the Dukes B stage, it is upregulated and serves as a tumor suppressor.