Thus, ATP-induced inflammasome activation may be crucial for the success of an anti-cancer therapy, supported by the fact that P2X7R knockout mice as well as mice deficient in inflammasome components (i.e., NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1) or Interleukin 1 receptor type I (IL-1R1) are refractory to chemotherapy [29]. The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is cancer.