When comparing renal cell carcinoma (RCC) tissue samples from the dataset GSE151419 [40] with increasing Fuhrman grades, there was a significantly large increase observed in SPP1 expression between grade 4 and grade 2 cancer-affected samples (log2FC = 1.590, p-value = 0.046) (Figure 2E). Here, SPP1 is linked to hereditary clear cell renal cell carcinoma.