Specifically, potential inhibitors for CAIX have been identified, including coumarin, curcumin, ellagic acid, ferulic acid, saccharin, mafendie (as natural compounds), hydrochlorothiazide and hydroflumethiazide (known as thiazide diuretics approved for hypertension), and zonisamide used as an anti-convulsant agent in the treatment of epilepsy, which have not previously been reported as agents capable of inhibiting CAIX activity as compared to para-toluenesulfonamide and U-104 which have been documented as CAIX inhibitors [226,227]. Here, CA9 is linked to epilepsy.