As an initial conclusion, it is clear that anti-PD-1 (e.g., pembrolizumab, nivolumab) and anti-CTLA-4 (e.g., ipilimumab) checkpoint inhibitors have significant efficacy in treating melanoma, and it has been demonstrated that increased TMB [25], together with mutations in driver oncogenes, such as BRAF and NRAS, generate neoantigens that enhance immunogenicity, leading to stronger immune responses to specific inhibitors [26]. Here, BRAF is linked to melanoma.