These combinations aim to (i) enhance T cell priming and expansion by amplifying the initial activation signals provided by APCs, improving the efficacy of vaccines and TIL-based therapies, (ii) boost effector T cell function to overcome T cell exhaustion, restoring the ability of T cells to kill cancer cells, and (iii) reduce immune suppression by targeting receptors like OX40 and GITR to diminish the suppressive effects of Tregs within the tumor microenvironment. The gene discussed is TNFRSF18; the disease is neoplasm.