Like in serum and the placenta of preE patients with impaired placental angiogenesis [208,209,210,211], decreased VEGFA (the most well-studied ligand of the family) in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is associated with a greater risk of AD and cognitive decline [203,212,213], although not without contrasting opinions [214,215]. Here, VEGFA is linked to Alzheimer disease.