PSEN1 and Alzheimer disease: In detail, a one-way ANOVA was performed (post hoc Dunn’s multiple comparison test), focusing on markers related to neurogenesis and synaptic remodeling (Igf2, Gap43), immune regulation (Cd4, Foxp3), synaptic plasticity (Prkca, Prkce), ROS removal (Gpx5), anti-inflammation (Il4, Il1a, Il2ra), apoptosis (Bcl2, Bad, Tgfb1), and AD-related pathways (App, Psen1, Apoe) (Figure 4A).