A Malaysian retrospective case-control study involving 600 T2D patients, of whom 300 were CKD patients and 300 were controls, found that the PPARGC1A rs8192678 polymorphism, the gene that encodes a transcriptional coactivator of PPAR-γ, was significantly associated with CKD [15]. Here, PPARGC1A is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.