TNF and acute respiratory distress syndrome: Other studies documented elevated levels of IL-1β, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, FGF, G-CSF, GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1A, MIP1-B, PDGF, TNF-α, and VEGF in both patients with ARDS admitted to the ICU and non-ICU patients compared to healthy adults [27, 28].