Thus, an exploratory phase 1B study with a small cohort of 11 colorectal and 9 pancreatic cancer patients has been performed, where a combination of NOX‐A12 with the PD‐1 inhibitor pembrolizumab induces T helper type 1 (Th1) immune responses and prolonged disease stabilisation in 25% of patients [44]. Here, PDCD1 is linked to pancreatic neoplasm.