The incidence of FSGS is approximately 5 times higher in Black patients when compared with White patients in the United States (167, 168), which could be attributed to an increased frequency of polymorphism/variation in two risk/susceptibility loci of nonmuscle myosin heavy chain-9 (MYH9) (169) and APOL1 (170, 171). The gene discussed is APOL1; the disease is focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.