In our investigation, blockade of Gal1, which contributed to potent immunosuppressive effect through interaction with TAMs in the liver cancer TME, resulted in a reduction in Treg infiltration and an enhancement of CD8+ T cell infiltration and function, thus leading to a notable improvement in the effectiveness of PD1 therapy combined with Gal1 inhibitor OTX008. The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is liver cancer.