Two upstream activators of the ATF4‐eIF2S1 pathway (PERK/EIF2AK3 and HRI/EIF2AK1) were enriched pathways and activation of ATF4 via these pathways has been shown to induce apoptosis in AML [62] and MM [65, 66]. This evidence concerns the gene EIF2AK1 and acute myeloid leukemia.