Similarly, Tang et al. [111] electroporated MSC-EXOs with siRNA-targeting osteopontin (siRNA-OPN) where engineered EXOs with siRNA-OPN showed superior efficacy regarding the deposition of ECM and amelioration of hepatic fibrosis via inhibition of OPN/HMGB1/TGF-β1 axis, as compared to naked siRNA-OPN. The gene discussed is SPP1; the disease is Hepatic fibrosis.