Univariate cox proportional hazards analysis revealed that higher levels of serum HMGB1 (≥ 3.83 ng/mL) was significantly associated with longer PFS in the entire cohort of patients (HR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.41–0.94, p = 0.025; Table 3) and the patients with NSCLC expressing PD-L1 TPS ≥ 50% (HR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.18–0.97, p = 0.042; Table 3). This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.