Therefore, future investigations concerning the role of the RANBP2-Cyp domain in MX2 sensitivity in the context of IFN stimulation, in cells capable of supporting viral replication and in those lacking additional portions of the cytoplasmic extensions of RANBP2, will be important to determine crucial interactions between RANBP2, MX2, and HIV-1 that mitigate the outcome of infection. This evidence concerns the gene PPIG and infection.