Among these, nine genes—AR, ESR1, HIF1A, GMNN, MAPK1/ERK2, NFE2L2, PTGS2, TNF, and TP53 (or TRP53/p53)—were identified as hub genes relevant to sperm asthenozoospermia and CGA in male rats. The gene discussed is MAPK1; the disease is Reduced sperm motility.