Remarkably, a 12-week resistance exercise (ladder-climbing training, 3 days/week) program in rats with sarcopenia downregulated the expression of E3 ubiquitin ligases, including atrogin-1 and MuRF1, in skeletal muscle tissue through the AMPK/FoxO3 signaling pathway, promoting mitophagy and enhancing mitochondrial function, as well as suppressing skeletal muscle atrophy [44]. Here, PRKAA2 is linked to sarcopenia.