VEGFA and cancer: Moreover, the data from KEGG pathway analysis reveal that silymarin exerts its therapeutic effects primarily by modulating the proteoglycans in cancer, Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection, the VEGF signaling pathway, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance, endocrine resistance, the thyroid hormone signaling pathway, and additional pathways, thereby offering a multi-target approach to the treatment of the hepatocellular carcinoma (Figure 4D).