At the vascular level, a reduction in blood flow and shear stress results in endothelial dysfunction; at the autonomic level, increased sympathetic nervous system activity induces vasoconstriction, decreased glomerular filtration rate, and increased renin release; and at the metabolic level, decreased muscle activity, muscle atrophy, ectopic lipid deposition, and insulin resistance are observed [53]. The gene discussed is REN; the disease is endothelial dysfunction.