TLR4 and cancer: While PD can exert antioxidant effects in several anti-inflammation and antioxidant models (e.g., suppressing ROS generation via NADPH oxidase inhibition [76], inhibition of the TLR4/NF-kB p65 [76], or activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway [77]), its role in inducing ROS and promoting cell death in cancer cells is less defined.